arc42 Quality Model
216 quality characteristics, 42 quality standards.
138 examples of requirements, 21 solution approaches.

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WCAG 2.2 - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

#accessibility
#usability

SOX - Sarbanes-Oxley Act

#sector

SOC 2 — Service Organization Control 2

#security

PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)

#security
#sector

OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS)

#security

NIST Privacy Framework — Managing Privacy Risk

#privacy
#security

NIST AI RMF — Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework

#ai
#security
#reliability

NIST SP 800-53 — Security and Privacy Controls

#security
#privacy

MISRA C - Guidelines for the use of the C language in critical systems

#safety
#sector
#coding

HL7 — Health Level Seven International

#sector

DO-178C - Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification

#safety
#sector

AIUC-1 – AI Agent Standard

#ai

ISO 8000 — Data Quality

#data

ISO/IEC 5055 - Automated Source Code Quality Measures

#general
#coding

ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 - Architecture Description

#documentation
#general

ISO/IEC 42001 - Artificial Intelligence Management System

#ai

ISO/IEC 38500 - Governance of IT for the Organization

#governance

ISO/IEC 27001 - Information security management

#security

ISO/IEC/IEEE 26514 - Design and Development of Information for Users

#documentation
#usability
#accessibility

ISO 26262 - Road vehicles — Functional safety

#safety
#sector

ISO/IEC 25024 - Measurement of Data Quality

#data

ISO/IEC 25022 - Measurement of quality in use

#data
#usability

ISO/IEC 25019 - Quality-in-use model

#general

ISO/IEC 25010 - Systems and Software Quality

#general
#usability

ISO/IEC TR 24028 - Overview of trustworthiness in artificial intelligence

#ai
#trustworthiness
#security

ISO/IEC 15408 - Common Criteria for IT Security

#security

ISO/IEC 29100 - Privacy Framework

#privacy
#general

ISO/IEC 25012 - Data Quality Model

#data

ISO/IEC 22989 - AI concepts and terminology

#ai

ISO/IEC 14756 - Measurement and Rating of Performance of Computer-Based Software Systems

#general

ISO/IEC/IEEE 42030 - Architecture Evaluation

#documentation
#general

ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 - Software Testing

#general
#documentation

ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 - Software Life Cycle Processes

#general
#documentation

IEEE 7000-2021 — Ethical Concerns in System Design

#ethics
#ai

IEEE 2857 - Privacy Engineering Guidelines

#privacy
#general

IEC 62443 - Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems

#security
#sector

IEC 62304 - Medical device software

#safety
#sector

IEC 61508 - Functional safety of E/E/PE safety-related systems

#safety

GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation

#privacy
#security

ETSI EN 304 223 - AI Cybersecurity Baseline Requirements

#security
#ai

EN 301 549 - Accessibility requirements for ICT products and services

#accessibility
#usability

EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) — Regulation 2024/2847

#security

Zone failure: no service interruption

#reliable
#operable

Zero-knowledge data storage

#secure

Withstand DDoS Attack

#reliable

Safety requirements traceable to executable evidence

#reliable
#maintainable

Avoid common vulnerabilities

#reliable
#secure

User tries to achieve primary function

#usable

Usable With Gloves

#usable
#suitable

User Interface can be used in Current Browsers

#flexible
#usable
#operable

Usable on Factory Floor

#usable
#suitable

Usable Despite Color Blindness

#usable

Up to date API

#reliable
#suitable

Understandable generated code

#maintainable

Unavailable for max 2 minutes

#reliable
#usable

Fleet OTA updates with safe rollback

#operable
#maintainable

Transaction Processing Operates Without Fault Under Normal Load

#reliable

Test with path coverage in 30min

#suitable

Test Coverage for Critical Business Logic

#maintainable

System runs offline

#reliable
#operable

Handle sudden increase in traffic

#reliable

Shared library adoption by product teams

#flexible
#maintainable

Server fails, system continues to operate without downtime

#reliable

Capacity to process 1000 sensor inputs per minute

#efficient

Search and graph text filter available on Q42

#usable
#suitable

Scale up in 2 Minutes

#efficient
#reliable

Restricted Memory

#efficient

Restore Filter after Log In

#usable
#suitable

Response time for image rendering

#efficient

Respond to 15000 requests per workday

#efficient

Efficient update of annual accounting report

#efficient
#flexible
#maintainable

Replication and Quorum Reads/Writes

#reliable
#safe

Reliable Backup and Restore

#safe
#reliable

Reliable ERH System

#safe

Available 7x24 with 99% uptime

#operable
#usable
#reliable

Reduce energy consumption with every new version

#efficient

Recognize Assistive Technologies

#usable

Good code readability score

#maintainable

Quickly locate bugs

#efficient

Quick unit tests

#operable

Low-overhead query execution measurement

#efficient

Protect Data by Establishing Security Protocols

#secure
#safe
#reliable

Production anomalies detectable within 2 minutes

#operable

Precision of vehicle's orientation

#reliable

Precise calculation of gamma coefficient

#reliable

Portable Business Data Checker

#flexible
#operable

Patient Data Quality in Healthcare System

#reliable
#safe

Parallel Data Modification

#usable
#efficient
#secure

Order transaction consistency: no partial outcomes

#reliable

Order queue

#reliable

Only authenticated users can access data

#secure

On-prem installation ready in 30 minutes

#operable
#flexible

Tamper-Evident Digital Contract Signatures

#secure
#reliable

System can run >12h without re-booting the operating system

#operable
#reliable

New user completes core tasks without prior training

#usable

Maintainable checking strategies

#efficient

Confidentiality by multi-tenancy

#secure

Near instant search results

#usable
#efficient

New Features Introduce No Bugs

#reliable

Multilinguality Support

#usable

Restored to fully functional state 12h after complete failure

#operable
#usable
#reliable

Modular System for Data Analysis

#efficient
#flexible
#maintainable

Service loose coupling: change blast radius

#maintainable
#suitable
#efficient

Monolith loose coupling: change blast radius

#maintainable
#suitable
#efficient

Low impact diagnosis

#efficient

Low effort deployment

#operable

Low change-failure rate

#reliable

Every data modification is logged

#secure

Localizable to several languages

#flexible

Local Explainability

#suitable
#safe
#reliable

Backup patient monitoring sensor takes over

#safe

New users learn to find articles on their own

#usable

Keep data on error

#reliable
#usable

Minimize jitter in real-time data streaming

#reliable

Public API intrusion attempts blocked and alerted

#secure

Interruptable backend process

#usable

Interoperable with Java 12

#operable

Rollout of a new feature

#operable
#suitable

Independent replacement of subsystem

#flexible
#operable
#efficient

Independent enhancement of subsystem

#efficient
#flexible
#maintainable

Inclusive User Testing

#usable

Hiring Algorithm Bias Mitigation

#reliable
#suitable

Severe errors are detected and the system shuts down into safe state

#operable
#safe
#reliable

Governance policies are enforced and auditable

#operable
#secure

Global Explainability

#suitable
#safe
#reliable

First-time onboarding without errors

#usable

Financial transactions are ACID-compliant and fully reconcilable

#reliable
#secure

Financial Data Accuracy for Reporting

#reliable
#suitable

Fast startup time (less than 90 sec)

#efficient

Fast shutdown time (less than 10 sec)

#efficient

Fast rollout of changes

#efficient
#operable

Fast deployment

#reliable
#operable

Fast creation of sales report

#efficient

Facial Recognition Bias Mitigation

#reliable
#safe

Expressive error messages

#usable

Encrypted storage

#secure

Employee attempts to modify pay rate

#secure

Efficient save function

#efficient

Fast and accurate sensor

#efficient
#reliable

Efficient generation of test data

#efficient
#suitable

Efficient change of business rules

#flexible
#efficient
#maintainable

Easy UI

#usable

Understandable acceptance test cases

#usable
#suitable

Easily change cloud provider

#flexible

Automated Personal Data Lifecycle Protection

#secure
#suitable

Display Data Based on Context

#usable
#suitable

Deterministic behavior for medical imaging

#reliable
#safe

Detect inconsistent user input

#usable
#reliable

Any passing build deploys to production within 15 minutes

#operable
#suitable

Data Throughput for Visual Test System

#efficient
#usable

Data Localization for Citizen Records

#secure
#suitable

Cultural Sensitivity in Content

#usable

CRM System Data Synchronization

#flexible
#operable
#reliable

Credit Scoring Fairness

#reliable
#safe
#suitable

Core functions can be used on multiple OSs

#flexible
#usable
#operable

Convenient online banking

#usable
#suitable

Content Moderation Fairness

#reliable
#safe
#suitable

Consistent keyboard shortcuts

#usable
#efficient

Configurable UI theme

#flexible
#usable

Compliance with UI styleguide

#usable

Compliance with WCAG accessibility guidelines

#usable

Compatible with 5 different battery providers

#flexible

Clarity in technical documentation

#usable
#reliable

Service Circuit Breakers and Graceful Degradation

#reliable
#safe

Save at least 20% of carbon emissions with every new version

#efficient

Budget constrained library update

#efficient
#suitable

Authenticity of a digital document

#secure
#suitable

Attractive Appearance of Website

#usable

Assess impact of proposed change

#suitable
#reliable

Appearance of mobile UI

#usable

Affordable CRM (customer relationship management)

#efficient
#suitable

Adding a new entity type within 5 days and ≤ 3 modules

#flexible
#maintainable

Add new product under 60 minutes

#suitable
#efficient
#reliable

Vehicle's position validity influences accuracy

#reliable
#usable

Accurate estimate of insurance contract rate

#usable
#suitable

Detailed audit log

#secure
#suitable

Accessible User Interface

#usable

Access find function in three seconds

#usable

Access Control via SSO

#usable
#suitable
#secure

Access control is enforced

#secure
#suitable

Vulnerability

#secure
#reliable

Characteristic

Versatility

#flexible
#suitable

Characteristic

Verifiability

#reliable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Value for Money

Characteristic

User interface aesthetics

#usable

Characteristic

User experience

#usable

Characteristic

User error protection

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

User engagement

#usable

Characteristic

User assistance

#usable

Characteristic

Usability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Uptime

Characteristic

Upgradeability

#operable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Updateability

#operable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Understandability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Truthfulness

Characteristic

Transparency

#reliable

Characteristic

Transactionality

#reliable

Characteristic

Traceability

#reliable
#operable

Characteristic

Timeliness

#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Time to Market

#efficient

Characteristic

Time behaviour

#efficient

Characteristic

Throughput

#efficient

Characteristic

Themability

#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Testability

#suitable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Test Coverage

#suitable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Tailorability

Characteristic

Sustainability

#efficient
#reliable

Characteristic

Supportability

Characteristic

Suitability

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Startup Time

#efficient

Characteristic

Standard Compliance

Characteristic

Stability

#reliable

Characteristic

Speed

#efficient

Characteristic

Speed to Market

Characteristic

Simplicity

#efficient
#usable

Characteristic

Shutdown Time

#efficient

Characteristic

Self-Protecting

Characteristic

Self-Optimizing

Characteristic

Self-Healing

Characteristic

Self-descriptiveness

#usable

Characteristic

Self-containedness

#flexible

Characteristic

Self-Configuring

Characteristic

Security

#secure
#reliable

Characteristic

Securability

#secure

Characteristic

Scalability

#flexible

Characteristic

Safety

#safe
#reliable
#secure

Characteristic

Safe integration

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Robustness

#reliable

Characteristic

Risk identification

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Reusability

#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Responsiveness

#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Response Time

#efficient

Characteristic

Resource utilization

#efficient

Characteristic

Resource efficiency

#efficient

Characteristic

Resistance

#secure

Characteristic

Resilience

#reliable
#secure

Characteristic

Reproducibility

#usable

Characteristic

Replaceability

#operable
#flexible

Characteristic

Repeatability

Characteristic

Reliability

#reliable

Characteristic

Releasability

#operable
#efficient

Characteristic

Redundancy

#reliable
#operable

Characteristic

Recovery Time

Characteristic

Recoverability

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Readability

#usable

Characteristic

Provability

#reliable
#safe

Characteristic

Profitability

#efficient

Characteristic

Privacy

#secure

Characteristic

Predictability

#reliable

Characteristic

Precision

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Preciseness

Characteristic

Portability

#flexible
#operable

Characteristic

Policy Enforcement

Characteristic

Personalization

#flexible

Characteristic

Performance

#efficient

Characteristic

Performance Efficiency

Characteristic

Patient Safety

#safe
#reliable
#secure

Characteristic

Operational and Environment Requirements

#operable

Characteristic

Operational constraint

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Operability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Observability

#operable

Characteristic

Non-repudiation

#secure

Characteristic

Mutability

Characteristic

Modularity

#maintainable

Characteristic

Modifiability

#maintainable
#flexible

Characteristic

Memory usage

#efficient

Characteristic

Mean time to recovery

#operable
#suitable

Characteristic

Mean time between failures

#operable

Characteristic

Maintainability

#maintainable

Characteristic

Loose Coupling

#efficient
#suitable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Longevity

#reliable
#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Localizability

#flexible
#usable

Characteristic

Legibility

#usable

Characteristic

Legal Requirements

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Legacy Support

Characteristic

Learnability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Lead time for changes

#operable

Characteristic

Latency

#efficient
#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Jitter

#efficient
#reliable

Characteristic

Intuitiveness

#usable

Characteristic

Intrusion Prevention

#secure

Characteristic

Intrusion Detection

#secure

Characteristic

Interoperability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Internationalization

#flexible
#usable

Characteristic

Interchangeability

#flexible
#operable

Characteristic

Interaction capability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Integrity

#secure

Characteristic

Integrability

#flexible
#operable

Characteristic

Installability

#operable
#flexible

Characteristic

Inspectability

Characteristic

Information Security

Characteristic

Independence

#flexible

Characteristic

Inclusivity

#usable

Characteristic

Immunity

#secure
#reliable

Characteristic

i18n

Characteristic

High Availability

Characteristic

Hazard warning

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Graceful degradation

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Governability

#operable
#secure

Characteristic

Functionality

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Functional suitability

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Functional Correctness

Characteristic

Functional completeness

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Functional Appropriateness

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Flexibility

#flexible

Characteristic

Features

#usable

Characteristic

Faultlessness

#reliable
#usable
#secure

Characteristic

Fault tolerance

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Fault isolation

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Fairness

#reliable
#safe
#suitable

Characteristic

Failure Transparency

#reliable
#safe

Characteristic

Fail safe

#safe
#reliable

Characteristic

Extensibility

#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Explainability

#safe
#suitable

Characteristic

Expected physical environment

#suitable
#operable

Characteristic

Exactness

Characteristic

Evolvability

#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Eventual Consistency

Characteristic

Energy Proportionality

#efficient

Characteristic

Energy Efficiency

#efficient

Characteristic

Elasticity

#flexible

Characteristic

Efficiency

#efficient

Characteristic

Efficacy

Characteristic

Effectiveness

#efficient

Characteristic

Ease of Use

#operable
#usable

Characteristic

Durability

#reliable

Characteristic

Distributability

#flexible
#efficient

Characteristic

Discoverability

#usable

Characteristic

Diagnosability

#operable
#reliable

Characteristic

Devops-Metrics

#operable

Characteristic

Determinism

#reliable
#efficient

Characteristic

Deployment frequency

#operable
#suitable

Characteristic

Deployability

#operable
#suitable

Characteristic

Dependability

#reliable

Characteristic

Debuggability

#operable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Data Sovereignty

#secure
#suitable

Characteristic

Data Residency

#suitable

Characteristic

Data Quality

#reliable
#suitable
#usable

Characteristic

Data Protection

#secure

Characteristic

Data Minimization

#secure

Characteristic

Data Localization

#suitable
#secure

Characteristic

Data Integrity

#reliable
#secure

Characteristic

DORA

Characteristic

Cycle time

#operable
#suitable
#efficient

Characteristic

Cyber Security

#secure

Characteristic

Customizability

#flexible
#usable

Characteristic

Currentness

Characteristic

Credibility

#reliable

Characteristic

Cost

#suitable
#efficient

Characteristic

Correctness

#usable
#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Convenience

#usable

Characteristic

Controllability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Consistency

#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Consent Management

#secure
#usable

Characteristic

Configurability

#flexible
#usable

Characteristic

Confidentiality

#secure

Characteristic

Conciseness

#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Comprehensibility

Characteristic

Composability

#flexible

Characteristic

Compliance

#secure
#safe
#usable
#reliable
#efficient
#suitable

Characteristic

Completeness

#reliable
#suitable

Characteristic

Compatibility

#usable
#operable
#reliable

Characteristic

Communicability

#usable

Characteristic

Cohesion

#efficient
#suitable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Coherence

#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Code Readability

#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Code Complexity

#efficient
#usable

Characteristic

Co-existence

#flexible

Characteristic

Clarity

#usable
#reliable

Characteristic

Changeability

#flexible
#maintainable

Characteristic

Change failure rate

#operable

Characteristic

Certifiability

#suitable
#reliable
#safe

Characteristic

Carbon Emission Efficiency

#efficient

Characteristic

Carbon Efficiency

Characteristic

Capacity

#efficient
#reliable

Characteristic

Budget Constraint

Characteristic

Bias Mitigation

#reliable
#safe
#suitable

Characteristic

Backward compatibility

#usable
#operable
#reliable

Characteristic

Availability

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Autonomy

#operable
#suitable

Characteristic

Autonomicity

Characteristic

Authenticity

#secure

Characteristic

Auditability

#operable

Characteristic

Attractiveness

#usable

Characteristic

Atomicity

#reliable

Characteristic

Appropriateness recognizability

#usable
#operable

Characteristic

Appearance

#usable

Characteristic

Anticipated Workplace Environment

#usable

Characteristic

Analysability

#reliable
#maintainable

Characteristic

Agility

#flexible

Characteristic

Affordability

#suitable
#usable
#efficient

Characteristic

Adaptability

#flexible
#usable

Characteristic

Accuracy

#reliable
#usable

Characteristic

Accountability

#secure

Characteristic

Accessibility

#usable

Characteristic

Access Control

#secure

Characteristic

Update on ISO 25010, version 2023

How to specify quality requirements

arc42 Quality Model

SEI Quality Model

The Sum of All ISO

Shortcomings of ISO 25010

Quality Models

Challenges with Quality

Watchdog Supervision

#safe
#reliable

Strong Authentication (MFA / OIDC)

#secure

Secret Management

#secure
#operable

Safety Interlocks

#safe

Responsive Design

#usable

Rate Limiting

#secure
#reliable

Progressive Disclosure

#usable

Plugin Architecture

#flexible

Least Privilege

#secure

Input Sanitization / Output Encoding

#secure

Fine-Grained Authorization (RBAC/ABAC)

#secure

Feature Toggles

#flexible
#operable

Fail-Safe Defaults

#safe
#reliable

Encryption at Rest + in Transit

#secure

Database Sharding

#efficient
#reliable

CQRS

#efficient
#flexible

Circuit Breaker

#reliable
#operable

Caching

#efficient
#reliable

Bulkheads

#reliable

Asynchronous Messaging

#efficient
#flexible

API Gateway

#secure
#operable
#reliable

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